Which amendment guarantees the individual's right to freedom of speech?

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is fundamental in guaranteeing individual rights, specifically the right to freedom of speech. This amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and was ratified in 1791. It ensures that individuals can express their thoughts, ideas, and opinions without fear of government retaliation or censorship, thereby fostering an environment of open discourse and debate.

In a broader context, the First Amendment also encompasses other freedoms, including the right to religion, press, assembly, and petition. Its protection of free speech is crucial for maintaining democratic principles and facilitating a society where varied perspectives can be shared and discussed.

In contrast, the Fourth Amendment primarily addresses protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, the Fourteenth Amendment focuses on citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, and the Eighteenth Amendment instituted Prohibition and has since been repealed. Therefore, none of these amendments specifically guarantee the right to freedom of speech in the same way the First Amendment does.