Which entity in a municipality generally holds limited express powers according to their charter?

The home rule authority within a municipality operates under a charter that grants it limited express powers. This framework allows municipalities with home rule charters to manage their internal affairs and enact regulations tailored specifically to their communities, provided they do not conflict with state laws.

Home rule allows cities to enjoy a degree of autonomy, enabling them to adopt ordinances, levy taxes, and control local police and fire departments, among other functions. However, these powers are defined and restricted by the terms set in the charter itself and by applicable state legislation.

In contrast, entities such as the city council are typically vested with broader decision-making powers and authority to enact policies, while local government departments are usually tasked with implementing these policies rather than having powers expressly defined in a charter. Municipal boards, similar to departments, may assist in governance but do not have the same level of autonomy granted to a home rule authority. This delineation highlights the unique position of home rule as a governing entity focused on localized governance while adhering to the framework established in its charter.